NetworkNewsWire Editorial Coverage: Known as America’s most expensive disease, with an estimated cost to the U.S. economy of $236 billion in 2016, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects more than 5.3 million Americans. Over the next 20 years, the number of those afflicted with the disease is expected to double. The forecast is staggering, considering that no effective cure has been found, but the quest for one continues, with India Globalization Capital, Inc. (NYSE: IGC) (IGC Profile), Anavex Life Sciences (NASDAQ: AVXL), Axovant Sciences (NYSE: AXON), AC Immune Ltd. (NASDAQ: ACIU) and Biogen, Inc. (NASDAQ: BIIB) all exploring a variety of approaches to uncover the pathological pathways of this chronic neurodegenerative disease.
It is believed that Alzheimer’s disease is caused by two types of legions in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus: senile plaque composed of the protein beta-amyloid (Aβ plaque), and neurofibrillary tangle, composed of highly phosphorylated Tau protein. The surface of neurons has a protein called APP that is sectioned by enzymes to free up the Aβ protein that is then cleared by the body. In Alzheimer’s patients, however, there is an imbalance whereby Aβ protein is not regulated and builds up abnormally into insoluble fibroles, creating senile plaques.
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